Addiction and substance use disorders

Residential treatment stands out as the most impactful approach for addressing substance use disorder due to its immersive environment. Beyond providing necessary detoxification and medical supervision, it’s particularly effective for individuals seeking refuge from high-risk environments.

By immersing oneself in a supportive and therapeutic setting, individuals can harness the power of their surroundings to embark on a transformative journey towards lasting recovery.

 

What is substance use disorder?

In the world of addiction treatment, misconceptions still obscure the truth, perpetuating stigma and misunderstanding. Yet, amidst the chaos, there exists some guiding lights with proven models that illuminate the path to recovery.

Using research and materials from leading authorities like the American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM), the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), and the Diagnostic Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM-5), our approach is rooted in evidence-based practices

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, text revision (DSM-5), recognized as the gold-standard reference by the American Psychiatric Association, provides comprehensive information on the names, symptoms, and diagnostic criteria for various mental illnesses, including addictions. Published in 2013, the DSM-5 underwent a revision in 2022, incorporating updated criteria for over 70 disorders. Notably, it includes refined requirements for conditions such as stimulant-induced mild neurocognitive disorder, reflecting decades of research and clinical experience.

The DSM-5 recognises substance-related disorders resulting from the use of 10 separate classes of drugs:

• Alcohol
• Caffeine
• Cannabis
• Hallucinogens
• Inhalants
• Opioids
• Sedatives
• Hypnotics, or anxiolytics
• Stimulants (including amphetamine-type substances, cocaine, and other stimulants)
• Tobacco

 

The signs of substance use disorder

From struggling to control use and facing social problems to engaging in dangerous behaviours and experiencing drug effects like tolerance and withdrawal, understanding these indicators is key to seeking help and starting the path to recovery.

Impaired control

The experience of a craving or strong urge to use the substance; desire or failed attempts to cut down or control substance use.

Social problems

Substance use causes failure to complete major tasks at work, school or home; social, work or leisure activities may be cut back or given up entirely.

Dangerous use

Substance is used in unsafe settings; continued use despite known problems.

Drug effects

Tolerance (need for larger amounts to get the same effect); withdrawal symptoms (different for each substance).

 

Evidence-Based Practice

The program at Highlands Recovery is also founded on the years of excellent research from The American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM), the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA).

 

ASAM says:

“Addiction is a treatable, chronic medical disease involving complex interactions among brain circuits, genetics, the environment, and an individual’s life experiences. People with addiction use substances or engage in behaviours that become compulsive and often continue despite harmful consequences. Prevention efforts and treatment approaches for addiction are generally as successful as those for other chronic diseases.”

Source

 

NIDA says:

“Addiction is defined as a chronic, relapsing disorder characterised by compulsive drug seeking and use despite adverse consequences.† It is considered a brain disorder, because it involves functional changes to brain circuits involved in reward, stress, and self-control. Those changes may last a long time after a person has stopped taking drugs.

Addiction is a lot like other diseases, such as heart disease. Both disrupt the normal, healthy functioning of an organ in the body, both have serious harmful effects, and both are, in many cases, preventable and treatable. If left untreated, they can last a lifetime and may lead to death.”

You can read more here.

 

Our team at Highlands Recovery recognise substance misuse disorder, not as a moral failing or a choice, but as a complex disorder rooted in the intricate circuits of the brain. Our approach embraces diverse theoretical models, from the disease model to the trauma model.

But knowledge alone isn’t enough. It’s about arming you with the tools and practice to navigate your own journey towards recovery. Our program delves deep into the neuroscience of addiction, unveiling the disruptions within the brain’s reward, motivation, and judgement centres. With this understanding, you’ll embark on a transformative journey towards reclaiming control of your life.

This challenge is indeed complex, yet the solutions are refreshingly straightforward. Here at the Highlands, we streamline the path to recovery for you.

 

How is Addiction Caused?

Answering the question ‘how is addiction caused’ depends very much on you and your own pathology. We need to put this in context; it is useful to see addiction as, ‘a reward deficiency syndrome’ which manifests in three ways:

• Genetics. You are born with a reward system that does not function properly. Once drugs or some other reward enhancer is discovered, you use this to self-correct the problem.
• Overusing the reward system. Drugs, alcohol, or some other rewarding process are discovered and then overused to the point where it depletes the brain’s natural dopamine function.
• Neglect, trauma, or abuse. This stops the brain’s reward system from working correctly, and when drugs, alcohol, or some other self-soothing behaviour is discovered, it proves irresistible.

In substance misuse treatment, we often say that the substances are symptoms of a much more significant problem because underlying most chemical dependency are layers of emotional pain, trauma, and often, co-morbid psychiatric conditions. Take the substances away, and you have a person with significant maladaptive behaviours that must be addressed if recovery is to be achieved.

Having looked at what addiction is and what it is not, it is also important to note that several proven interventions mean that it is possible to recover. These include abstinence, group therapy, CBT, individual therapy, peer support, and mindfulness.

 

The Neuroscience

Understanding addiction from a neuroscience perspective sheds light on how our brains function and how addictive behaviours develop. Our brains have evolved over millions of years, consisting of three main parts: the reptilian brain (responsible for basic physiological functions), the limbic brain (responsible for emotions and memories), and the neocortex (responsible for complex thinking).

Neurotransmitters like dopamine play a central role in addiction. Contrary to popular belief, dopamine isn’t solely responsible for pleasure; rather, it’s involved in motivation and reinforcement. Addiction involves the hijacking of the brain’s reward system, where memories associated with drug or alcohol use become potentiated, making them easily triggered.

Addiction also shapes the brain’s movement pathways, often leading to actions that contradict conscious decisions. Dopamine pathways can initiate movements independently of executive functioning, contributing to addictive behaviour even when individuals know the consequences.

Lastly, addiction isn’t just a matter of genetics or brain chemistry; it’s deeply intertwined with physical and emotional pain. Addicts often seek substances or behaviours to alleviate emotional distress. Recovery from addiction involves addressing this underlying pain and reshaping one’s relationship with it.

Understanding addiction’s neuroscience highlights the complexity of the issue and underscores the importance of addressing both biological and psychological aspects in treatment. By rewiring our thought patterns and coping mechanisms, we can overcome addiction and lead fulfilling lives

 

Detox

Highlands Recovery is NOT a drug or alcohol detox centre. Clients are required to complete Detox prior to arriving at our residence. We take clients post-detox and help stabilise them, maintain sobriety and then work on the trauma that underlies the addiction. If you are looking for a detox centre please contact us for a referral.

At Highlands Recovery, we recognise that detoxification often serves as the initial step on the path to recovery for individuals grappling with substance dependence. While our primary focus lies in comprehensive rehabilitation services, we understand the pivotal role that detox can play in this process.

Detox involves the process of eliminating harmful substances from the body that it has grown dependent on. This stage can be accompanied by a spectrum of withdrawal symptoms, ranging from mild discomfort to more severe symptoms. However, it’s crucial to emphasise that enduring this phase is fundamental to embarking on a journey toward wellness and sobriety.

Understanding that each individual’s journey is unique, we collaborate closely with specialised detox facilities equipped to provide tailored support during this crucial phase. By connecting individuals with the appropriate resources, including detox programs, we strive to ensure that each person receives the comprehensive care they need to lay a strong foundation for their recovery journey.

 

Levels of care covering detox from ASAM

Level 3.7 is medically managed high-intensity inpatient treatment These services are for people who need intensive medical or psychological monitoring in a 24-hour setting but do not need daily physician interaction

Level 3.5 is clinically managed residential services. These services are designed for people with serious psychological or social issues who need 24-hour oversight and are at risk of imminent harm

Level 3.3 is clinically managed high-intensity and population-specific services. These programs are targeted for providing treatment designed to move at a slower pace, for people with cognitive functioning issues, including people with traumatic brain injuries, the elderly, or people with developmental disabilities

 

Dual diagnosis

Dual diagnosis or co-occurring disorders is a crucial concept in addiction treatment, recognising that substance use disorder often coexist with underlying mental health conditions.

While addiction or alcoholism was once viewed solely as a disease, recent research has revealed it to be symptomatic of deeper issues like trauma, mood disorders, or anxiety. The failure to address these underlying issues can lead to relapse.

At Highlands Recovery, we prioritise treating both substance use disorder and their root causes through tailored, research-informed programs. Our approach acknowledges that effective treatment must address the full spectrum of a person’s mental health needs, not just their addiction or alcoholism.

Some common cooccurring disorders include:

Anxiety

Excessive worry or fear impairing daily function.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Persistent patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity hindering development.

Depression

Persistent sadness, hopelessness, and loss of interest with changes in sleep, appetite, and energy levels.

Bipolar Disorder

Extreme mood swings between mania and depression.

Trauma and PTSD

Exposure to traumatic events leading to re-experiencing, avoidance, negative mood alterations, and heightened arousal.

 

Our program

At Highlands Recovery, we bridge the gap between theory and practice. Through personalised assessments and immersive experiences, you’ll be supported every step of the way.

With evidence-based practices, unwavering support, and a commitment to holistic healing, we’re here to guide you towards a brighter, free future. Take the first step towards recovery today.

 

Understanding addiction

We teach clients about substance use disorder to make them aware of its complexities, to reduces stigma, and empowering individuals to take control of their recovery journey with informed decision-making and resilience.

Environment

The Highlands Recovery environment creates an atmosphere of wellbeing, balance, and beauty, recognising that a supportive setting enhances resilience and aids recovery. Through our program, we teach individuals to cultivate healthy habits and connections, empowering them to create nurturing surroundings that foster long-term wellbeing and break free from old patterns of behaviours .

Mindfulness

Mindfulness, introduced to the West by Jon Kabat-Zinn, not only aids in stress reduction and insight generation but also equips individuals in early recovery with the crucial skill of managing extreme changes in emotional states. This practice enhances emotional self-regulation, self-soothing, and the ability to sit with uncomfortable feelings, while also proven effective in managing intense physical experiences like craving.

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy

CBT, pioneered by Dr. Aaron T. Beck, is a psychotherapeutic approach that helps individuals challenge unhelpful thoughts and behaviours. It has shown significant efficacy in treating various mental health disorders, including substance use disorders, by addressing the influence of thoughts on emotions and behaviour. By correcting distorted thinking patterns, CBT enables individuals to experience life more positively and constructively.

Recovery Objectives & Key Results

Goal setting in recovery is essential for providing direction, motivation, and accountability, serving as milestones to measure progress. Objective Key Results (OKRs) offer a structured approach, allowing individuals to define specific, measurable, and achievable objectives, guiding their journey towards sobriety while remaining adaptable to changing circumstances.

One on One sessions

One-on-one therapy provides personalised support and guidance tailored to the individual’s unique needs and circumstances. Through confidential sessions, individuals can explore underlying issues, develop coping strategies, and receive targeted interventions to address their specific challenges, fostering personal growth and facilitating recovery.

Group sessions

Group therapy offers a supportive environment where individuals can share experiences, receive empathy, and gain insights from peers facing similar challenges. Through group therapy, participants find solidarity, validation, and encouragement, fostering a sense of community and promoting healing and recovery.

Aftercare

Highlands Recovery provides comprehensive substance use aftercare, offering continued counselling opportunities and online sessions for peer support and skill sharpening. This ongoing support is crucial for individuals transitioning from treatment to everyday life, helping them maintain sobriety, navigate challenges, and reinforce the skills learned during therapy. By accessing continued counselling and online resources, individuals can receive ongoing support, connection, and guidance, promoting long-term recovery and wellness.

 

Why Choose Highlands Recovery’s Substance Use Treatment Method?

At Highlands Recovery, we hold the belief that while substance misuse presents a complex and multifaceted challenge, effective treatment can be supported by straightforward, proven techniques. Our distinction lies in two key elements: the top-tier quality of our centre and the unwavering expertise of our staff. Let’s delve into these components:

Hope

While it may sound unconventional, it’s essential to cultivate hope and a belief in the possibility of recovery right from the assessment stage. Numerous clients have reached a point where they’ve lost faith in the potential for change. This mindset acts as a beacon, providing the necessary fortitude, adaptability, and positive outlook throughout the journey towards recovery.

Therapeutic alliance

A therapeutic alliance refers to the collaborative and trusting relationship between a therapist and a client. It’s a key component of successful therapy across various modalities. In this alliance, both the therapist and the client work together towards the client’s goals.

Elements of a therapeutic alliance typically include trust, mutual respect, empathy, and understanding. The therapist provides a safe and supportive environment for the client to explore their thoughts, feelings, and experiences without fear of judgment. Meanwhile, the client engages actively in the therapeutic process, sharing their concerns, goals, and experiences openly.

As part of the therapeutic alliance, treatment plans are tailored to each individual’s needs, including customising the duration and intensity of care. Additionally, co-occurring disorders are identified and addressed alongside addiction, ensuring comprehensive support throughout the recovery process.

The therapeutic alliance is considered one of the most important factors in determining the success of therapy outcomes.

Environment

The significance of the environment in the journey of recovery cannot be overstated. At our facility, we provide five-star amenities that not only enhance comfort but also offer opportunities to connect with a life filled with purpose and meaning.

Family Program

Family and peer support play vital roles in the recovery process, offering invaluable encouragement, understanding, and accountability. Our family program is designed to provide essential support by fostering open communication, education, and healing within familial relationships. Through structured sessions and resources, we empower families to become integral parts of their loved one’s recovery journey, creating a supportive network that promotes lasting sobriety and overall well-being.

 

Research-based

The first, and possibly the most important study done on what works in the treatment of addiction was published in 1996. Called project MATCH (matching alcohol treatment to client heterogeneity), it is a $30 million-dollar study that spanned 7 years, involving many thousands of participants and clinicians.

Its purpose was to compare the 3 most popular treatment methods at the time; the 12 steps, motivational interviewing and cognitive behavioural therapy, to determine which method worked the best. The result of this extensive piece of research, which has since been replicated in other studies, with other methods and modalities is: no difference. There is no difference in treatment outcomes. Meaning, it actually doesn’t matter which method you use.

Therefore, what truly matters is tailoring treatment to the individual, fostering motivation, building supportive connections, and providing a conducive environment for recovery. At Highlands, we excel in these aspects, offering a unique and effective approach to substance misuse treatment.

Please click here to find out about our programs.